Segmentation generally involves two steps:

• Pixel Classification: Pixels are classified as belonging to either the background or object class based on their intensity (or other criteria).
• Object Creation: Relationships between neighboring pixels are established to form discrete objects.

For example, a simple intensity threshold can classify pixels as either part of an object or background. Contiguous groups of object-class pixels are then identified as individual objects. This process enables the extraction of meaningful features for quantitative analysis.