Geometric
Apply Channel Alignment Transformation
This method allows you to align the channels of your image. The alignment is done based on a transformation file created with another function, see Create Channel Alignment Transformation. Note that the channel number and names have to match exactly with the ones used to create the transformation file. The alignment is applied on all 2D images/z-stacks along all other dimensions. If you have tiled images, for example, the same channel transformation is applied to all tiles individually. You can also align SIM (Structured Illumination Microscopy) raw images.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Transformation File |
Enables you to select the file on which the alignment calculation is based. The transformation file ideally matches the zoom and resolution settings used for the image to be aligned. |
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Adjust per Channel |
Activated: Opens a list with the channels to allow an individual adjustment of each channel. For every channel you have the following options: |
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|
– |
Process Channel |
Processes this channel according to the input. |
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– |
Skip Channel |
Skips this channel when processing. This channel will not be in the output image. |
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– |
Copy Channel |
This channel is copied into the output image without processing. |
Change Orientation
With this function you can easily change the image orientation.
Parameters
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Orientation |
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|
- |
Flip Horizontally |
Flips the image horizontally. |
|
- |
Flip Vertically |
Flips the image vertically. |
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- |
Rotate 90 CW |
Rotates the image by 45 degrees clockwise (CW). |
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- |
Rotate 90 CCW |
Rotates the image by 45 degrees counterclockwise (CCW). |
|
- |
Rotate 180 |
Rotates the image by 180 degrees. |
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- |
Mirror at +45 Diagonal |
Mirrors the image at +45 degrees diagonal. |
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- |
Mirror at -45 Diagonal |
Mirrors the image at -45 degrees diagonal. |
Channel Alignment
No Alignment of Mixed Mode Images
The alignment does not work for mixed mode images, i.e. you cannot align a widefield channel to an LSM channel.
This method allows you to automatically align the individual channels of a multi-channel image correctly to one another.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Quality |
Selects the quality level that you want the function to work with. The calculation of the alignment is based on a so-called image pyramid. The higher the selected quality, the more levels of the image pyramid are used to calculate the alignment and the more precise the alignment will be. However, the higher the selected quality is, the slower the calculation of the alignment will get. |
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|
– |
Low |
This is the most imprecise but also the fastest calculation of the alignment. It uses a low number of levels (2) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
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– |
Medium |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the one before. It uses a medium number of levels (3) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
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– |
High |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the two before. It uses a high number of levels (4) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
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– |
Highest |
This is the most precise but also the slowest calculation of the alignment. It uses the highest number of levels of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
Registration Method |
Selects the method or a combination of methods which is used to align the images. |
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- |
Translation |
The neighboring sections of the image are shifted in relation to each other in the X and Y direction. |
|
- |
Rotation |
The neighboring sections of the image are rotated in relation to each other. |
|
- |
Iso Scaling |
The magnification is adjusted from section to section. |
|
- |
Skew Scaling |
The neighboring sections of the image are corrected for skewness/shearing. |
|
- |
Affine |
The neighboring sections of the image are shifted in X and Y direction, rotated and the magnification is adjusted from section to section. |
|
Interpolation |
Only visible if Show All is activated. |
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|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the gray value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
Crop Output |
Only visible if your image does not contain multiple tiles or scenes. |
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|
Reference Channel |
Selects the channel that serves as reference for the alignment. |
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|
Target Channel |
Selects the channel that is targeted for alignment. |
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|
Single Component |
Only visible if you have selected an input image which contains dimensional components (e.g. scenes, z-planes, time points) and if this component is not selected as Third Dimension. Activated: Displays a control to select the dimensional component that is used to calculate the alignment transformation matrix. |
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– |
Scene Component |
Only visible for images with multiple scenes. |
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– |
Phase Component |
Only visible for images with multiple phases. |
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– |
Z Slice Component |
Only visible for z-stack images. |
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– |
Time Component |
Only visible for time series images. |
|
Single Tile |
Only visible for images with multiple tiles and if Single Component is activated. |
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– |
Tile Component |
Selects the tile component that is used to calculate the alignment transformation matrix. |
See also
Channel Alignment (Extended)
No Alignment of Mixed Mode Images
The alignment does not work for mixed mode images, i.e. you cannot align a widefield channel to an LSM channel.
This method allows you to automatically align the individual channels of a multi-channel image correctly to one another.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Load Transformation |
Activated: Allows you to load the result of a previous transformation. |
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– |
Transformation file |
Allows you to select the respective *.xml file with the previously used transformation. |
|
Save Transformation |
Only visible if Load Transformation is deactivated. |
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|
Preprocessing |
Selects which method should be used for preprocessing. |
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– |
No Preprocessing |
Uses no preprocessing. |
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– |
Sobel |
Uses the Sobel method for preprocessing, see Sobel. |
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– |
Laplace |
Uses the Laplace method for preprocessing, see Laplace. |
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– |
Roberts |
Uses the Roberts method for preprocessing, see Roberts. |
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– |
Enhance Contour |
Uses the Enhance Contour method for preprocessing, see Enhance Contour. |
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– |
Maximum Gradient |
Uses the Maximum Gradient method for preprocessing, see Gradient Max. |
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– |
Delineation |
Uses the Delineation method for preprocessing, see Delineate. |
|
Quality |
Selects the quality level that you want the function to work with. The calculation of the alignment is based on a so-called image pyramid. The higher the selected quality, the more levels of the image pyramid are used to calculate the alignment and the more precise the alignment will be. However, the higher the selected quality is, the slower the calculation of the alignment will get. |
|
|
– |
Low |
This is the most imprecise but also the fastest calculation of the alignment. It uses a low number of levels (2) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
Medium |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the one before. It uses a medium number of levels (3) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
High |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the two before. It uses a high number of levels (4) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
Highest |
This is the most precise but also the slowest calculation of the alignment. It uses the highest number of levels of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
Registration Method |
Selects the method or a combination of methods which is used to align the images. |
|
|
- |
Translation |
The neighboring sections of the image are shifted in relation to each other in the X and Y direction. |
|
- |
Rotation |
The neighboring sections of the image are rotated in relation to each other. |
|
- |
Iso Scaling |
The magnification is adjusted from section to section. |
|
- |
Skew Scaling |
The neighboring sections of the image are corrected for skewness/shearing. |
|
- |
Affine |
The neighboring sections of the image are shifted in X and Y direction, rotated and the magnification is adjusted from section to section. |
|
Interpolation |
Only visible if Show All is activated. |
|
|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the gray value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
Single Component |
Only visible if you have selected an input image which contains dimensional components (e.g. scenes, z-planes, time points) and if this component is not selected as Third Dimension. Activated: Displays a control to select the dimensional component that is used to calculate the alignment transformation matrix. |
|
|
– |
Scene Component |
Only visible for images with multiple scenes. |
|
– |
Phase Component |
Only visible for images with multiple phases. |
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– |
Z Slice Component |
Only visible for z-stack images. |
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– |
Time Component |
Only visible for time series images. |
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Single Tile |
Only visible for images with multiple tiles and if Single Component is activated. |
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|
– |
Tile Component |
Selects the tile component that is used to calculate the alignment transformation matrix. |
See also
Color-coded Projection
The Color-coded projection function generates a maximum intensity projection image along the z-, or time-dimension of a multidimensional data set. Instead of using the colors assigned to the channels, it displays the position in z or in time with a color gradient.
Parameters
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Palette |
Sets the color-pattern for the projection. |
|
ROI |
Specifies the range of the dimension (chosen below) which will be used for the projection. |
|
Dimension |
Selects whether to perform the projection along the time (T) or along the z-axis (Z). Only dimensions which are available in your data set are shown. |
|
Quantitative |
Activated: Uses a quantitative method which first creates a maximum intensity projection and then determines at which plane a pixel was located. After that it attributes a color of the LUT to the pixel. This method can sometimes produce abrupt transitions, but the pixel color representing depth or time corresponds correctly to the colors in the annotation. Deactivated: This method attributes a color of the LUT to each plane and then separates the result into RGB channels. Subsequently, it creates a maximum intensity projection of each RGB channel and then combines the results into one image. Note that while this might result in a more pleasantly looking image, the method can produce colors which do not correspond to colors in the annotation! |
Create Channel Alignment Transformation
This method allows you to use a multi-channel image, typically an image representing the different colors you aim to image, to create a transformation file for channel alignment. It is best to use multicolor beads of the size which correspond to the used objective, for example, use 100 or 120nm beads when working with an objective with high numerical aperture like a 63x oil objective, to visualize in detail potential chromatic shifts. This file can be used to align channels in your image, see Apply Channel Alignment Transformation. Additionally, this function creates an output image where the channels are aligned with the estimated transformation parameters. This method is especially aimed at imaging multicolor beads not at extended biological structures. As an input you can use a multi-channel image or multi-channel z-stack, other dimension like tiles are not supported. Note that SIM and Airyscan images have to be processed first.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Output File |
Defines the name and path of the output xml file. |
|
|
Alignment Quality |
Selects the alignment quality. The higher the selected quality, the slower but more robust and accurate the alignment will be. This is mostly relevant for large z-stacks. For 2D images the function should be fast enough even with the highest quality setting. |
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|
– |
Low |
Uses the fastest setting, which can be especially useful for large images containing dense biological structures. |
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– |
Medium |
This is the default setting for bead measurements with normal density. |
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– |
High |
This setting is for bead measurements if higher accuracy is required. |
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– |
Highest |
This is the most accurate setting. It is recommended if High does not deliver a good result and if there is a large z-mismatch of channels. |
|
Reference Channel |
Selects the reference channel to which other channels will be aligned. If alignment proves difficult, select the channel with the best signal to noise ratio or the one that has the most overlap with the other channels. |
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|
Adjust per Channel |
Activated: Opens a list with the channels to allow an individual adjustment of each channel. For every channel you have the following options: |
|
|
– |
Process Channel |
Aligns this channel according to the parameters. |
|
– |
Skip Channel |
Skips this channel when processing. This channel will not be in the output image. |
|
– |
Copy Channel |
This channel is copied into the output image without alignment. |
Image Overlay
With this function you can align (or overlay) two images that are displaced in relation to each other. It is also possible to make the individual planes of a z-stack image congruent, in the event that they are not lying exactly on top of one another.
You can define 3 related points (Input Pixel) in both the input image and in the reference image (Reference Pixel) that is displaced in relation to it. Therefore, click interactively on conspicuous points, which are present in both images. If you click Apply, the function calculates the Output image, in which the new fitting points have the same coordinates as in the Input image.
Parameters
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Input Pixel 1 - 3 |
If you click on the corresponding buttons, you can define the 3 input pixel points. The selected point is shown in the graphics plane. This serves as an aid to orientation when you are clicking on the reference points. |
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|
Reference Pixel 1 - 3 |
If you click on the corresponding buttons, you can define the 3 reference pixel points. |
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Interpolation |
Here you can specify how the rotation influences the neighboring pixels. |
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|
- |
Linear |
The rotated pixel is given the gray value calculated from the linear combination of the gray values of the pixel closest to it and this pixel’s nearest neighbor. |
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- |
Cubic |
The rotated pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the pixel that is closest to it. |
Mirror
This method allows you to flip an image horizontally or vertically. In the case of multidimensional images, such as Z-stack or time lapse images, you can also use the mirror method to reverse the sequence of the relevant dimension.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Display Mode |
||
|
- |
Horizontal |
Flips the image horizontal. |
|
- |
Vertical |
Flips the image vertical. |
|
- |
T/Z |
Only visible if input image is a multichannel image. |
See also
Orthogonal Projection
With this method you can extract specific parts of the image of three-dimensional images. This is accomplished with three alternative projection planes, frontal in the XY direction, sagittal in YZ direction or transverse in XZ direction as seen from the observer of the image. You can choose between different projection methods. All methods have in common is that the pixels are analyzed by the observer along an imaginary projection beam. You can also determine the thickness of the projection planes, and thus the projection depth.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Projection Plane |
Here you choose the type of the projection plane (Frontal (X/Y), Transverse (X/Z), Sagittal (Y/Z)). |
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|
Method |
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|
- |
Maximum |
Uses the brightest pixel along the projection beam. |
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- |
Minimum |
Uses the darkest pixel along the projection beam. |
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- |
Average |
Calculates the average of all pixels along the projection beam. |
|
- |
Weighted Average |
This method is related to the calculation of the extended depth of focus. It prefers structures with more lateral sharpness along the projection beam. The output image contains more significant details. |
|
- |
Standard Deviation |
Calculates the standard deviation of pixel grey values along the projection beam. |
|
Start Position |
Here you adjust the starting position of the project plane (in pixel units or z-stack positions depending on the chosen projection plane). The maximum range results automatically of the size of the input image. |
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Thickness |
Here you adjust the thickness of the cutting plane (in pixel or z-stacks depending on the chosen projection plane). The maximum range results automatically of the size of the input image. |
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Resample
This method allows you to change the size of an image in every dimension. You can either enlarge or reduce the image size.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Third Dimension |
Only visible, if there is a third dimension in the input image and/or Show all mode is activated. Here you can select how you want the function to work in the case of multidimensional images. |
|
|
- |
2D Slices |
The function is used in a 2-dimensional fashion only for multidimensional images such as time lapse or z-stacks. |
|
- |
Z, T or C |
Here you can select to which additional dimension the functions should be applied to. |
|
Adapt Sizes |
Activated: The size of the output image is adjusted in accordance with the settings for the scaling. Deactivated: The output image has the same size as the input image. Depending on the image size and rotation angle, partial areas of the input image may not be visible in the output image. |
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Adjust per Channel |
Only visible if your input image is a multi-channel image. Activated: You can adjust the parameters for each channel individually. |
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|
Interpolation |
Here you can select how you want interpolation to be performed if a pixel is calculated from several individual pixels. |
|
|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the gray value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Scaling in X |
Adjusts the desired scaling for X using the slider or input field. |
|
Scaling in Y |
Adjusts the desired scaling for Y using the slider or input field. |
|
Scaling in Z |
Adjusts the desired scaling for Z using the slider or input field. |
|
The following parameters are only visible if Adapt Sizes is deactivated: |
|
|
Shift in X |
Sets the shift in the X direction using the slider or input field. |
|
Shift in Y |
Sets the shift in the Y direction using the slider or input field. |
|
Shift in Z |
Sets the shift in the Z direction using the slider or input field. |
Rotate
With this method you can rotate images by defined angles. This function was especially developed for rotating complex (multi-dimensional) images in the available image dimensions. Therefore, the function can be a little bit slower but offers more settings for the rotation. For simple, 2-dimensional rotations we recommend to use the Rotate 2D function which is usually a lot faster.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Third Dimension |
Only visible, if there is a third dimension in the input image and/or Show all mode is activated. Here you can select how you want the function to work in the case of multidimensional images. |
|
|
- |
2D Slices |
The function is used in a 2-dimensional fashion only for multidimensional images such as time lapse or z-stacks. |
|
- |
Z, T or C |
Here you can select to which additional dimension the functions should be applied to. |
|
Adapt Sizes |
Activated: The size of the output image is adjusted in accordance with the settings for the scaling. Deactivated: The output image has the same size as the input image. Depending on the image size and rotation angle, partial areas of the input image may not be visible in the output image. |
|
|
Adjust per Channel |
Only visible if your input image is a multi-channel image. Activated: You can adjust the parameters for each channel individually. |
|
|
Interpolation |
Here you can select how you want interpolation to be performed if a pixel is calculated from several individual pixels. |
|
|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the gray value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Angle |
Enter the angle by which you want the input image to be rotated around using the slider or input field. Positive angles rotate the images clockwise. |
|
Angle X |
Enter the angle by which you want the input image to be rotated on the X axis using the slider or input field. |
|
Angle Y |
Enter the angle by which you want the input image to be rotated on the Y axis using the slider or input field. |
|
Angle Z |
Enter the angle by which you want the input image to be rotated on the Z axis using the slider or input field. |
|
The following parameters are only visible if Adapt Sizes is deactivated: |
|
|
Center X |
Enter the X coordinate of the center of the rotation using the slider or spin box/input field. The value 0 means that the image is rotated around its center point. Negative values mean that the center of the rotation in the image is shifted to the left in relation to the image's center point. Positive values shift the center to the right. |
|
Center Y |
Enter the Y coordinate of the center of the rotation using the slider or spin box/input field. The value 0 means that the image is rotated around its center point. Negative values mean that the center of the rotation in the image is shifted downwards in relation to the image's center point. Positive values shift the center upwards. |
|
Center Z |
Enter the Z coordinate of the center of the rotation using the slider or spin box/input field. The value 0 means that the image is rotated around its center point. Negative values mean that the center of the rotation in the image is shifted forwards in relation to the image's center point. Positive values shift the center backwards. |
Rotate 2D
With this method, you can easily rotate an image clockwise around its center axis. Simply set the desired angle with the slider. Of course, you can enter the angle value in the input field directly. To perform the rotation, click on the Apply button on top of the Processing tab.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Angle |
Enter the angle by which you want the input image to be rotated around using the slider or input field. Positive angles rotate the images clockwise. |
|
|
Interpolation |
||
|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the gray value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
Edge Smoothing |
Activated: Performs edge smoothing. |
|
|
PaveWholePlane |
Activated: Paves the whole resulting plane with tiles; there might be empty tiles. Inactivated: Creates only tiles which contain also parts of the image. |
|
|
ProcessMask |
Activated: Rotates also the mask of valid/invalid pixels. Inactivated: Ignores the mask of valid/invalid pixels. Pixels previously marked as invalid will have an intensity of zero after rotation but are not marked as invalid. |
|
|
IncludeGraphic Elements |
Activated: Rotates also the graphical elements together with the image. Inactivated: Rotates only the image, but not the graphical elements. |
|
Sample Down
With this function, you can reduce the size of an image in a flexible way. The reduction is performed along with an averaging of the respective dimension. If the parameters are set to 1, the corresponding dimension is not modified.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Average Pixels X |
Adjusts how many pixels are averaged in the lateral X dimension to calculate the output image. The size of the output will be smaller by this factor. |
|
Average Pixels Y |
Adjusts how many pixels are averaged in the lateral Y dimension to calculate the output image. The size of the output will be smaller by this factor. |
|
Average Pix. 3rd Dimension |
Only visible, if a third dimension other than 2D Slices is selected below. |
|
Third Dimension |
If your input image has a third dimension you can select it here for re-sampling.
|
Shift
This method allows you to shift the content of an image in the direction of the 3 axes X, Y and Z. To adjust the shift, use the respective sliders or input fields under Parameters.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Third Dimension |
Only available if Show All is activated and if the acquired image is three dimensional. Selects the third dimensional shift. |
|
|
– |
2D Slices |
The third dimension is shifted by 0 which means the image is only shifted in X/Y direction. |
|
– |
Z |
The shift is in z-direction. |
|
– |
C |
Shifts the channel. If you have a 32 channel image, the first 30 channels are copied and/or interpolated into the last ones (for an 32 channel lambda image this would result in a shift to the red spectrum). When selected, the checkbox Adjust per channel is not available. |
|
Adjust per Channel |
Only available for images with multiple channels. Opens a list with the channels to allow an individual adjustment of each channel. |
|
|
– |
Process Channel |
Shifts this channel according to the input. |
|
– |
Skip Channel |
Skips this channel when processing. This channel will not be in the output image. |
|
– |
Copy Channel |
This channel is copied into the output image without a shift. |
|
Shift in X |
Selects the shift of the content in X direction. |
|
|
Shift in Y |
Selects the shift of the content in Y direction. |
|
|
Shift in Z |
Selects the shift of the content in Z direction. |
|
Shift Z
This method allows you to shift the content of an image in z direction.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Shift in Z |
Selects the shift of the content in z direction. |
See also
Stage Alignment
The images are registered by using the stage calibration points from the meta data.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Interpolation |
Here you can select how you want interpolation to be performed. |
|
|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
Stitching
This method allows you to automatically align the individual tiles of a tile image with one another. When acquiring a tile image, the stage movement is not precise down to the pixel level of the camera sensor. To bypass this technical limitation and to have a margin to compensate for this inaccuracy, tiles are usually overlapped by a few percent. To align them, the overlaps between neighboring tiles are analyzed. The tiles are then shifted and rotated against each other to make the transitions between them as seamless as possible. Multi-position images as opposed to tile images cannot be stitched.
Direct Processing
When you use Stitching in Direct Processing, not all the parameters are available (e.g. Fuse Tiles or Correct Shading). Some functionality is not available because there is no image available yet during the setup of Direct Processing. This means that taking reference settings from the 2D view or processing dimensions Reference only is not possible. For experiments containing multiple scenes, each scene is thus processed separately. Direct Processing also always keeps both the acquired and processed image, so an inplace stitching is not available.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Inplace |
The stitching is directly applied to the original image. |
|
|
New Output |
A new image is generated as a result of the stitching process. The original image is not modified. |
|
|
Fuse Tiles |
Only visible if New Output is selected. |
|
|
Correct Shading |
Only visible if New Output is selected. |
|
|
- |
Automatic |
The function automatically calculates a reference image from the input image. |
|
- |
Reference |
The function uses an existing reference image. This must be selected in addition to the input image in the Input tool of the image parameters section. |
|
Select Reference Image |
Only visible in Batch mode and if Reference is selected as shading correction. Selects a reference image for the shading correction. |
|
|
Select dimension references for stitching |
Only visible for multidimensional input images. |
|
|
- |
Get all dimensions from 2d view |
Selects the reference dimensions based on the current planes from the 2D view by clicking |
|
- |
All by reference |
Uses only the reference image plane for calculating the stitching of this dimension. All other planes are stitched accordingly and appear in the output image. |
|
- |
Reference only |
Uses only the selected reference image plane of this dimension. No other planes appear in the output image, e.g. the result of stitching a z-stack with Reference only would be a normal 2D image. |
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- |
All individually |
All planes of this dimension are stitched individually and appear in the output image. |
|
- |
Channels |
Selects the channel that serves as reference. Clicking |
|
- |
Z-Position |
Selects the z-position that serves as reference. Clicking |
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- |
Time |
Selects the time point that serves as reference. Clicking |
|
- |
Scene |
Selects the scene that serves as reference. Clicking |
|
- |
Illumination |
Only visible for dual side illuminated images. |
|
- |
View |
Only visible for multi view images. |
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Edge Detector |
||
|
- |
Yes |
Applies an edge detection algorithm to improve analysis of the overlaps between neighboring tiles. This can improve the alignment of the tiles and thus the stitching result. |
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- |
No |
No edge detector is applied. |
|
Minimal Overlap |
Sets the minimal amount of overlap between neighboring tiles that should be evaluated by the stitching function. The overlap is sets as % of the single tile dimensions (height and width). |
|
|
Maximal Shift |
Specifies the maximal extent of shift that can be applied to an individual tile during stitching. The shift is sets as % of the single tile dimensions (height and width). |
|
|
Comparer |
Selects a method for comparing the tile overlaps to find similarities for alignment. |
|
|
- |
Basic |
Selects a basic (faster) comparison which uses phase correlation to find similarities. |
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- |
Best |
Selects an elaborate comparison which uses cross-correlation to find similarities. |
|
- |
Optimized |
Selects an optimized comparison which uses cross-correlation implemented with the Intel Performance Primitives. This comparison is faster than the Best method. |
|
Global Optimizer |
Selects which tile overlaps are evaluated. |
|
|
- |
Basic |
Only the overlaps (except diagonal overlaps) with the strongest contrasts in each tile are taken into account for stitching. The contrast is determined with a Sobel filter. |
|
- |
Best |
All overlaps (except diagonal overlaps) of a tile are taken into account for stitching. |
|
Defaults |
Resets all parameters to their default values. |
|
|
Undo |
Resets the stitching changes done to the image. |
|
|
Redo |
Repeats the last undone change to the image. |
|
See also
Tiles Blending
Tiles Blending is an image postprocessing function, which takes any tiled images as input. There is no calibration or special light path information needed, and it works for fluorescence, reflected light, and transmitted light images. It reduces or compensates shading artefacts, which are often visible at tile borders. It calculates a shading model for each tile and uses it to correct the shading. The tiles in the input image must have a notable overlap typically in the range of 5%, 10% or 15% (larger overlaps usually lead to better blending results) and must have been stitched without Fuse Tiles beforehand, see Stitching. Due to the missing overlap region of already fused images they cannot be processed and you will see an error message.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Quality |
Controls the computational effort which is spent to compensate shading artefacts of tiled images. You have the following options:
Normal is the default and sufficient in most cases. For input images with pronounced shading artefacts and small overlaps, more computation effort can be selected with the High or Highest option. |
|
Use Averaging |
Activated: The blending information of all tiles is averaged and the same correction is applied to all tiles. This can be useful for tiled images with very low signal to noise ratio. Deactivated: The blending between neighboring tiles is treated individually. This is the default and usually yields the best results. |
|
Extended Blending |
Only visible if Show All is activated. Activated: Performs an additional spline-based correction to the pixels inside the overlap regions. This is the default setting. Changing the setting is only needed in rare cases, for example when the blending result seems to overcompensate shading artefacts. In such cases, deactivate Extended Blending or Overlapping Region Blending. |
|
Overlapping Region Blending |
Only visible if Show All is activated. Activated: Performs an additional linear blending only for the overlapping tile regions, which can correct residual blending errors that were not corrected by the blending function. This is the default setting. Changing the setting is only needed in rare cases, for example when the blending result seems to overcompensate shading artefacts. In such cases, deactivate Extended Blending or Overlapping Region Blending. |
|
Correction Factor Limit |
Only visible if Show All is activated. Defines an upper threshold for how strong the shading correction effect is applied. For each pixel a correction factor is calculated. For example, a value of 0.3 means the correction cannot deviate more than 30% from the original value. Larger values mean that stronger compensation is allowed, smaller values mean that the compensation is reduced. |
Z-Stack Alignment
This method allows you to bring the individual planes of a z-stack image into line if these are not positioned precisely one above the other. This is the case, for example, when you acquire z-stacks at an oblique angle using a stereo microscope.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Quality |
Selects the quality level that you want the function to work with. The calculation of the alignment is based on a so-called image pyramid. The higher the selected quality, the more levels of the image pyramid are used to calculate the alignment and the more precise the alignment will be. However, the higher the selected quality is, the slower the calculation of the alignment will get. |
|
|
– |
Low |
This is the most imprecise but also the fastest calculation of the alignment. It uses a low number of levels (2) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
Medium |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the one before. It uses a medium number of levels (3) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
High |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the two before. It uses a high number of levels (4) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
Highest |
This is the most precise but also the slowest calculation of the alignment. It uses the highest number of levels of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
Registration Method |
Selects the method or a combination of methods which is used to align the images. |
|
|
- |
Translation |
The neighboring sections of the image are shifted in relation to each other in the X and Y direction. |
|
- |
Rotation |
The neighboring sections of the image are rotated in relation to each other. |
|
- |
Iso Scaling |
The magnification is adjusted from section to section. |
|
- |
Skew Scaling |
The neighboring sections of the image are corrected for skewness/shearing. |
|
- |
Affine |
The neighboring sections of the image are shifted in X and Y direction, rotated and the magnification is adjusted from section to section. |
|
Interpolation |
Only visible if Show All is activated. |
|
|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the gray value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
Crop Output |
Only visible if your image does not contain multiple tiles or scenes. |
|
|
Single Component |
Only visible if you have selected an input image which contains dimensional components (e.g. scenes, z-planes, time points) and if this component is not selected as Third Dimension. Activated: Displays a control to select the dimensional component that is used to calculate the alignment transformation matrix. |
|
|
– |
Scene Component |
Only visible for images with multiple scenes. |
|
– |
Phase Component |
Only visible for images with multiple phases. |
|
– |
Channel Component |
Only visible for images with multiple channels. |
|
– |
Time Component |
Only visible for time series images. |
|
Single Tile |
Only visible for images with multiple tiles and if Single Component is activated. |
|
|
– |
Tile Component |
Selects the tile component that is used to calculate the alignment transformation matrix. |
See also
Z-Stack Alignment with ROI
This function allows you to automatically align the individual planes of a z-stack image if they are not positioned precisely above each other.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Quality |
Selects the quality level that you want the function to work with. The calculation of the alignment is based on a so-called image pyramid. The higher the selected quality, the more levels of the image pyramid are used to calculate the alignment and the more precise the alignment will be. However, the higher the selected quality is, the slower the calculation of the alignment will get. |
|
|
– |
Low |
This is the most imprecise but also the fastest calculation of the alignment. It uses a low number of levels (2) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
Medium |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the one before. It uses a medium number of levels (3) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
High |
This is a more precise but also a slower calculation of the alignment than the two before. It uses a high number of levels (4) of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
– |
Highest |
This is the most precise but also the slowest calculation of the alignment. It uses the highest number of levels of the image pyramid for the alignment calculation. |
|
Registration Method |
Selects the method which is used to align the images. |
|
|
– |
Translation |
The neighboring sections of the z-stack are shifted in relation to each other in the X and Y direction. |
|
– |
Rotation |
The neighboring sections of the z-stack are rotated in relation to each other. |
|
– |
Translation + Rotation |
The neighboring sections of the z-stack are translated and rotated in relation to each other. |
|
Interpolation |
Selects how the interpolation is performed if a pixel is calculated from several individual pixels. |
|
|
- |
Nearest Neighbor |
The output pixel is given the gray value of the input pixel that is closest to it. |
|
- |
Linear |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from the linear combination of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
- |
Cubic |
The output pixel is given the gray value resulting from a polynomial function of the input pixels closest to it. |
|
Region |
Selects which parts of the image should be considered for the calculation of the transformation matrix. |
|
|
- |
Full |
Considers the entire image for alignment. |
|
- |
Rectangle Region |
Allows you to draw a region of interest into the image. Only the image information of this region is then considered for the calculation of the transformation matrix for alignment. The resulting transformation matrix will be applied to the full image. |
|
Crop Output |
Not visible if the Third Dimension (if available) is set to a particular dimension instead of 2D Slices. |
|
|
Single Component |
Activated: Displays the image channels. Selects one of the image channels which will be used to calculate the alignment transformation matrix, which then is also applied to the other channel(s). |
|
See also
ON THIS PAGE
- Geometric
- Apply Channel Alignment Transformation
- Change Orientation
- Channel Alignment
- Channel Alignment (Extended)
- Color-coded Projection
- Create Channel Alignment Transformation
- Image Overlay
- Mirror
- Orthogonal Projection
- Resample
- Rotate
- Rotate 2D
- Sample Down
- Shift
- Shift Z
- Stage Alignment
- Stitching
- Tiles Blending
- Z-Stack Alignment
- Z-Stack Alignment with ROI
.