This module provides the following additional processing functions:
Advanced Processing
Arithmetics
Add
This function adds the two images Input1 and Input2 pixel by pixel and generates the Output image. Note that a resulting gray value may be greater than the maximum gray value of the image.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Normalization |
Defines how out-of-range pixel values are mapped. The calculated pixel values of the output image may be out-of-range and are mapped into the available range. |
|
|
- |
Automatic |
Normalizes the pixel values automatically to the available pixel value range. The highest resulting value is mapped to the maximum pixel value, the lowest resulting value to 0. As a result, the whole range of resulting pixel values is compressed evenly. |
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- |
Clip |
Values exceeding the pixel value range are set to the highest value available (white), values falling short of the pixel value range are set to the lowest value available (black). The effect corresponds to underexposure or overexposure. This means that in some cases information is lost. |
|
- |
Shift |
Normalizes the output to the value "pixel value + maximum pixel value/2". As a result, all resulting values are mapped to the available value range. The middle value of the pixel value range remains constant. Values left and right of the middle value are changed progressively, so that values inside the pixel value range are changed only slightly. Values outside the pixel value range are changed strongly and mapped to the fringes of the pixel value range. |
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- |
Wrap |
If a resulting value is larger than the maximum pixel value of the image, the difference exceeding the maximum pixel value is added to 0. Similarly, if a resulting value is below 0, the resulting pixel value is the maximum pixel value minus the difference falling below 0. |
Average
The function calculates the average of the two images Input1 and Input2 pixel by pixel and generates the Output image.
Combine
This function calculates the linear combination of two images on a pixel basis.
Both Input images are first multiplied by the specified factor and then added together. If a factor is negative, one input image will be subtracted from the other. The brightness of the Output image can then be adjusted by adding an Offset. The combination of two images can be used to reduce noise, for example. This is achieved by acquiring several images of the same scene and subsequently combining them.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Factor 1 |
Weighting factor for input image 1. Value range: -1,00 ... +1,00 |
|
Factor 2 |
Weighting factor for input image 2. Value range: -1,00 ... +1,00 |
|
Offset |
Sets the offset between input images 1 and 2, thus increasing or decreasing the brightness. |
Values outside boundaries
The resulting pixel values cannot be outside the value range of the corresponding pixel type, e.g. for an 8 Bit B/W image, the values cannot fall below 0 or exceed 255.
If the resulting value lies outside the value range, it is set to the maximum or minimum value.
Divide
This function divides the images Input1 by Input2 pixel by pixel and generates the Output image.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Factor |
Here you adjust the scaling factor by which the result of the division is multiplied. Using this factor it is possible to keep the gray values of the output image within the range of 0 to the maximum gray value. Values that are greater than the maximum gray value are in any case limited to the maximum gray value. Negative values are set to 0. Value range: -20 ... +20 |
Values outside boundaries
The resulting pixel values cannot be outside the value range of the corresponding pixel type, e.g. for an 8 Bit B/W image, the values cannot fall below 0 or exceed 255.
If the resulting value lies outside the value range, it is set to the maximum or minimum value.
Exponential
This function calculates the exponential function of the Input image pixel by pixel and generates the Output image.
Values outside boundaries
The resulting pixel values cannot be outside the value range of the corresponding pixel type, e.g. for an 8 Bit B/W image, the values cannot fall below 0 or exceed 255.
If the resulting value lies outside the value range, it is set to the maximum or minimum value.
Logarithm
This function calculates the logarithm of the Input image pixel by pixel and generates the Output image.
To work useful with this function, the pixel values of the input image must be in float format. If images of type 8 bit, 16 bit, 24 bit and 48 bit are used as input image, the output images are of the same type, i.e. the output value will be clipped to an integer value. Negative values are set to 0, values higher than the maximum gray value are set to the maximum possible gray value of the image.
Multiply
This function multiplies the two images Input1 and Input2 pixel by pixel and generates the Output image.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Factor |
Here you adjust the scaling factor by which the result of the multiplication is divided. Using this factor it is possible to keep the gray values of the Output image within the range of 0 to the maximum gray value. Values that are greater than the maximum gray value are in any case limited to the maximum gray value. Negative values are set to 0. Value range: -20 ... +20 |
Values outside boundaries
The resulting pixel values cannot be outside the value range of the corresponding pixel type, e.g. for an 8 Bit B/W image, the values cannot fall below 0 or exceed 255.
If the resulting value lies outside the value range, it is set to the maximum or minimum value.
Multiply Constant
This function multiplies each pixel of the Input image with an adjustable Factor and generates the Output image.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Factor |
Here you adjust the factor to be multiplied. |
Values outside boundaries
The resulting pixel values cannot be outside the value range of the corresponding pixel type, e.g. for an 8 Bit B/W image, the values cannot fall below 0 or exceed 255.
If the resulting value lies outside the value range, it is set to the maximum or minimum value.
Reciprocal
This function computes the reciprocals of the gray values in the input image into the output image. Bright pixels will become darker and vice versa. To adjust the output range the parameter Factor is used. The actual mathematical operation is then: output-gray value = factor/input-gray value. Negative results are clipped to 0 and overflow results are clipped to the maximum possible gray value.
Square
This function calculates the square of the Input image pixel by pixel and generates the Output image.
Values outside boundaries
The resulting pixel values cannot be outside the value range of the corresponding pixel type, e.g. for an 8 Bit B/W image, the values cannot fall below 0 or exceed 255.
If the resulting value lies outside the value range, it is set to the maximum or minimum value.
Subtract
This function subtracts the two images Input1 and Input2 pixel by pixel and generates the Output image. Note that a resulting gray value may be less than 0.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Normalization |
Defines how out-of-range pixel values are mapped. The calculated pixel values of the output image may be out-of-range and are mapped into the available range. |
|
|
- |
Clip |
Values exceeding the pixel value range are set to the highest value available (white), values falling short of the pixel value range are set to the lowest value available (black). The effect corresponds to underexposure or overexposure. This means that in some cases information is lost. |
|
- |
Automatic |
Normalizes the pixel values automatically to the available pixel value range. The highest resulting value is mapped to the maximum pixel value, the lowest resulting value to 0. As a result, the whole range of resulting pixel values is compressed evenly. |
|
- |
Wrap |
If a resulting value is larger than the maximum pixel value of the image, the difference exceeding the maximum pixel value is added to 0. Similarly, if a resulting value is below 0, the resulting pixel value is the maximum pixel value minus the difference falling below 0. |
|
- |
Shift |
Normalizes the output to the value "pixel value + maximum pixel value/2". As a result, all resulting values are mapped to the available value range. The middle value of the pixel value range remains constant. Values left and right of the middle value are changed progressively, so that values inside the pixel value range are changed only slightly. Values outside the pixel value range are changed strongly and mapped to the fringes of the pixel value range. |
|
- |
Absolute |
Converts negative pixel values into positive values. Positive pixel values exceeding the maximum pixel value are set to the maximum pixel value. |
Binary
Distance
This method creates a distance-transformed image (distance map, distance image) from a binary image. The Euclidean distance to the next background pixel (gray value 0) is calculated for each pixel within the white regions of the binary image (input image), and coded as a gray value. Bright pixels (high gray values) indicate a long distance to the background.
Exoskeleton
This method generates an image with the skeleton of the influence zone of regions. The background in the Input image is analyzed, and the skeleton of the influence zones of the objects is determined. This is then saved as a binary image in the Output image.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Count |
Specifies the number of times the functionality is applied. Each time the functionality is applied more white pixels are added around white structures. The invisible pixels around the image borders are assumed to be white so that a white rectangular frame grows into the image. If two white regions would merge into a single structure, a single-pixel black border is maintained between the two regions. |
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Converge |
Activated: The functionality is applied until the image does not change anymore. As a result, the structures are extended to their maximum possible size, limited by single-pixel lines. |
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AxioVision Compatibility |
The algorithm was re-implemented, the results differ from the results produced using AxioVision. Activated: A former version of the algorithm is used to get the same results as produced by AxioVision. |
Not
This function performs a binary "not" operation on all bits of the binary representation of an input pixel's gray value. A 0-bit in the input pixel results in an 1-bit in the corresponding output pixel, an 1-bit in the input gets a 0-bit in the output. For integral image types, the resulting output gray value is the difference of the maximum possible gray value minus the input gray value, but for float image type the results are strange due to the inhomogeneous float format.
Or
This method performs a bit-by-bit OR calculation for the Input1 and Input2 images. This function can be used to combine binary masks or regions. All the pixels that are white in input image 1 OR input image 2 are set to white in the resulting image. This means that all the white pixels in the two input images are white in the resulting image.
Separation
Using this function you can attempt to separate objects that are touching (and that you have been unable to separate using segmentation) automatically.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Separation Mode |
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- |
Morphology |
This method separates objects by first reducing and then enlarging them, making sure that once objects have been separated they do not merge together again. |
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- |
Watersheds |
With this method you can separate objects that are roughly the same shape. This method may however result in the splitting of elongated objects. |
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Count |
Enter how often the method is applied successively to the result at the location of the separation, using the slider or input field. |
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Thinning
This method thins objects to a line of single pixel thickness.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Thinning Element |
Select the desired thinning method here. |
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|
- |
Arcelli |
Applies thinning in accordance with the Arcelli method. |
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- |
Levialdi |
Applies thinning in accordance with the Levialdi method. |
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Count |
Sets the number of repetitions. This means that the function is applied a number of times in succession to the filtering result. This increases the effect accordingly. The value range is from 1...256. |
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Prune |
Cuts off the ends of the thinned lines. |
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Converge |
If activated, the function is automatically repeated until all regions will be deleted by the next erosion step. |
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AxioVision Compatibility |
Performs the function exactly like in AxioVision to achieve identical results. |
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Smooth
Rank
This method performs a rank order filtering. The gray levels of the resulting image is determined by calculating the ranking within the matrix of the filter size in the X and Y directions. Even numbers are automatically set to the next odd number. A low value for the rank value enlarges dark areas, a higher value will increase bright areas of the image.
Utilities
Combine HLS
With this method a HLS image can be generated of the single color extractions H, L, S.
Impose Noise
This function imposes an image with a defined noise for testing purposes.
|
Parameter |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Signal to Noise Ratio |
Adjusts the signal to noise ratio. |
|
|
Distribution |
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|
- |
Poisson |
Imposes a Poisson distributed noise. |
|
- |
Gauss |
Imposes a Gauss distributed noise. |
Split into HLS
This method generates the individual color extractions for a HLS input image. The resulting images for hue, lightness and saturation take the form of gray images.